Behavioral assessments and personal behavior preferences Essay

In an economic environment, which becoming more challenging and competitive, businesses must look for ways of having the edge. In any organization, the workers are the most essential resource; if they fail to deliver, then the mission of the whole organization is compromised. That is why the human resource department of any organization has a critical role to play and must use an elaborate method that ensures only the best candidates are selected to take on various responsibilities within the organization. One of the techniques employed is behavioral assessment, which I think is a very effective strategy for developing an effective and efficient workforce. Benefits of behavioral assessment in hiring By conducting a behavioral assessment, the hiring officials can determine the personality and work ethics of a potential employee (Eiseman, 2008). They will also be able to determine if the applicant’s habits coincide with the requirements of the job description and if these personal traits augur well for the accomplishment of the organization’s goals (Eiseman, 2008). There is a need to ensure that any hired employee will not clash with other employees as a result of personality differences as these occurrences take up a lot of organization time, time that could be used to deliver results (Warden, 2006). Secondly, behavioral assessment helps determine which position within an organization a candidate is best suited for (Norris, 2009). For example, an applicant vying for an office operations position can exhibit excellent leadership and interpersonal skills. The hiring official can therefore inquire if he or she would be interested in leading a sales team or being in charge of customer relations. The third reason why I support behavioral assessment in the hiring process is that it uncovers personal information that is necessary to determine how coachable the candidate is, how flexible his or her timetable is going to be, his or her anticipated level of engagement and dedication and how tolerant he or she is to sudden changes in working routine or a change in responsibilities (Eiseman, 2008). These qualities can then be weighed against those of other candidates to determine who is best suited to be awarded the opportunity. Personal behavior preference and effective communication Behavioral assessment is not a guideline for hiring; but a tool. Behavioral characteristics are directly related to an individual’s personality; and personality in turn directly manifests itself in how well an individual relates to the people he or she comes into contact with in the process of executing his daily professional and personal duties (Schuler & Briscoe, 2004). Therefore, if an employer has cues about an employee’s behavioral preferences, he or she will know how best to approach the employee and how to interact with him or her while causing minimum friction. This augurs well for a harmonious coexistence within a common working environment. The communication between the two parties is bound to be more effective if the behavioral traits and personal preferences have been determined before they entered into a contractual agreement. In return, effective communication contributes greatly to efficiency and productivity (Schuler & Briscoe, 2004). Conclusion  Over the last several years, behavioral assessment has become a widely used tool in human resource management. In fact, 90 percent of Fortune 500 companies employ this tool while hiring new employees (Warden, 2006). Its widespread use is attributable to the fact that the information it yields is invaluable in predicting workplace behavior, individual potential of each worker and communication strategies to use (Norris, 2009). These insights are very essential in the formulation of team and leadership building, capacity development, conflict resolution and succession strategies for the entire organization.

Book Review Of “The Devil In The Shape Of A Woman: Witchcraft In Colonial New England”

The book, â€Å"The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England,† is a must read considering the huge amount of recent work on early witch lore that is being published. This book takes a critical look at the history in New England between 1620 and 1725 during the Puritan period. It is a feminist perspective and the insight into early New England society during a very troubling period in American history.It differs from many history books including our text on the standard accounts by showing that many of those persecuted were women who for many different types of reasons, threatened the male-dominant social order. The author goes into details with evidence that shows that persecuted and accused witches were usually older married women who had violated the religious or economic Puritan social hierarchy.Many of these women that were called witches were past their childbearing years and sometimes they were the recipients of inheritances, these women threaten ed the male-dominance social order that got resentment from their middle-aged accusers. Karlsen shows that the accused witches were women whose family lives were touched in many ways financially by claiming that most, â€Å"stood to inherit, did inherit or were denied their apparent right to inherit† larger portions than women of families with male heirs (Karlsen, p.101). This was definitely problematic for males of the time and caused problems in families and with relatives within the communities especially if these women were openly demanding or defending their rights. These inheritance conflicts are what Karlsen sees as symptomatic of the larger social and ideological problems, â€Å"for they expose the fear of independent women that lay at the heart of New England’s nightmare† (Karlsen, p. 213).There were also two really good points that give this book very good insight into what happened during that time period in New England. It was that they showed first an analysis of women’s culture in New England during those colonial times. Puritan women were to be good wives, good mothers and helpers to their mates. It showed the popular hatred and discrimination of women as a very common and accepted condition and tradition of that time. This was shown through thoughts and conduct of the settlers.This view shows just how complex relationships between Puritanism and traditional English popular culture really were. These kinds of attitudes when looked at as a whole, show how it was used to suppress the individualistic action among women, and that suppression could have taken the form of witchcraft accusation. The other point made that should be noted is that â€Å"the possessed and their ministers were engaged in a fierce negotiation, initiated by the possessed, about the legitimacy of female discontent, resentment and anger† (Karlsen, p.246). This kind of thought for this statement, I found rather weak, because it’s only so urce of the information came from one extremely well documented case but most was based on hearsay. Overall, I found the book to be very well documented with excellent sources. In my opinion the book was an excellent example on how modern theory can be applied in a useful way to show the character of Puritan thought, changes in the role of women through the ages, and the ultimate end of witchcraft persecution in New England.The description and analyses the author uses help to give the reader an understanding of witch lore and status women had in Early New England. It would be a good book for undergraduate study as well as the general reader of history. It induces the reader to see a different perspective of their views and what was commonly taught on the New England witch hunts. The textbook, â€Å"America Past and Present Volume I, 7th Ed. † By Robert A. Divine (et al. ), really only talked of the standard historical context of what took place during this turbulent time.Accu sations of witchcraft were not uncommon in seventeenth century New England. Puritans believed that many individuals would make a compact with the devil, but during the first decades of settlement, authorities executed only about fifteen alleged witches. Sometimes villagers simply left suspected witches alone. Karlsen would argue that the only women who would fight for their rights were accused and probably there weren’t very many women at that time that would stand up against the standards that were set for women or norms for women of that society.Witchcraft was believed to originate in a bargain between man or woman and the Devil by which they agreed to sell their soul to the Devil. The terror in Salem Village began in late 1691, when several young girls began behaving strangely such as crying out for no reason and falling to the ground twitching. When asked what the problem was, they replied that they were victims of witches that were living in the community. Even with the arrest of several women accused and prayer did not give relief to these girls.It was even reported that one of the accused confessed, no doubt after interrogation that was sometimes very brutal. The textbook notes that â€Å"No one knows exactly what sparked the terror in Salem Village† (Divine, p. 85). But with Karlsen book it helps in giving a possible reason. The text gave the reason to the end of this persecution to a group of Congregational ministers that urged leniency and restraint and something that was especially troubling to the clergymen was the court’s decision to accept dreams and visions in which the accused appeared as the devil’s agent.They worried those individuals that were being convicted on this type of testimony and they stated, â€Å"It were better than ten suspected witches should escape, than that one innocent person should be condemned† (Divine, p. 85). The colonial government accepted the minister’s advice and convened a n ew court, which promptly acquitted, pardoned, or released the remaining suspects. From this point, witchcraft ceased to be a capital offense. The book cites that the terror of the witchcraft scare was probably due to angry factions over the choice of a minister.Another possible reason suggested is that socio-economic conflict, the colony had recently experienced, and a lack of enlightenment contributed to the hysteria. This would follow closely to what Carol F. Karlsen expressed in her book. In my opinion, history textbooks tend to give us just one view, and usually the commonly accepted view of what took place historically. There is so much history to be analyzed and studied that textbooks can only include the fundamentals of all these events.It is up to the authors of books such as Carol F. Karlsen, to help give the true detective of history a broader look at how historical events shaped and created the society of then and today. If we don’t know where we came from, then ho w do we know where we should go? The book gave a very excellent twist to the sociological perspective to witchcraft in the New England Colonies and to me gave a more plausible reason as to just why these witch hunts might have happened.

Food inquiry Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food inquiry - Movie Review Example She always does the best editing job that will always be appealing to the public and she has edited the annual Best Food Writing series since the year 2000. She is the author of Frommer’s 500 Places for Food and Wine Lovers. The last year 2012 review was her twelfth year of the Best Food Writing series and is an enjoyable anthology of all times. There were contributors like John T. Edge, an accomplished author, Deb Perelman of Smitten Kitchen, one of the most popular bloggers, amongst other several levels of notoriety. One can easily appreciate her writing styles and skills, the diversity of topics and sources that are incorporated in her collection which provides a rich, complete and captivating representation of the best food writing scenario. There are many pieces in the Best Food Writing that are from popular books like Tomato land, A Spoonful of Promises, An Everlasting Meal amongst others. She has also incorporated pieces from New York Times, popular food magazines like Food and Wine. There are also very interesting pieces from non-traditional food writing sources which are incorporated in her collection. There is a variety of contributions whose approach ranges from light-hearted to serious and part of these are Maureen O’Hagan’s topic of Childhood Obesity as she focuses on two obese teens, giving a clear perspective on junk food and effects of overeating among the population. Joel Stein writes hilarious food reflections and entertains as he reveals in his piece how he found his manhood through barbecue, Kevin Pang’s story of an upcoming chef, Brandon Baltzeley, who struggles with the addiction of cocaine, and David Leite writes about his thanksgiving baking catastrophes. This series has always included many online writers over the years into its page and giving credit as well as recognizing authors who mainly digitally publish their work. Pieces like those of

Month Practicum Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Month Practicum Report - Assignment Example The transfer specialist’s responsibilities are to determine the eligibility and suitability of the applicant by using written administration policies and procedures, client interviews and document verification. Essentially, my job description is to conduct interviews of new and current applicants to determine their eligibility, and provide case management to nearly 600 Section 8 HCVP contract lease negotiations. What this entails is I help determine housing assistance payments, tenant rent calculations, and provide education and counseling for the applicants and the participants in the Section 8 HCVP. This allows for resolution of any concerns between the owner, tenant and the housing authority by interpreting and implementing the regulations and guidelines set forth by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). I am also responsible for updating tenant records using Yardi and SharePoint, doing criminal background checks, closing sales force tickets, completing bri efings and other duties as they are assigned to me. My department is divided into three teams, A, B and C, my team being A. team A serves MONTH PRACTICUM REPORT 2 new clients and current tenants in a many areas around Chicago, and in several different property types. The property types that my team and I help people with are called HCV-vash, which is for homeless veterans. The HUD program has allocated more than 10,000 vouchers to local public housing authorities countrywide to provide permanent supportive housing for homeless veterans. We also connect veterans with case managers to insure that they receive the health care and benefits assistance they need to help them move forward in their lives. The second housing type my team and I help with is Housing Choice Voucher Disaster Victim Program (HCVDVP), which is a disaster voucher program for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita victims. This program (formerly known as the Katrina Disaster Housing Assistance Program) allows victims of the Hu rricanes Katrina and Rita disaster areas to qualify for a special Disaster Voucher Program (DVP) for former public housing and Section 8 voucher holders. Unlike regular vouchers, there is no family contribution to the gross monthly rent. The DVP provides monthly housing assistance payments that are the lesser of the monthly gross rent, or the voucher payment standard. Monthly gross rent is the rent to the owner of the property, plus any utility allowance for tenant-provided utilities. A family may rent a unit with a gross rent greater than the payment standard, but the family must pay the difference even if it exceeds 40% of their income. If the rent to the property owner is less than the payment standard and the lease requires the family to pay utilities, the Public Housing Authority (PHA) will reimburse the family an amount equal to the difference between the housing assistance payment and the rent. MONTH PRACTICUM REPORT 3 In the last type of housing, it is called the Housing Cho ice Voucher Family Unification Program (HCVFUP). This program provides Housing Choice Voucher rental assistance to families whose lack of adequate housing is a primary cause of separation or imminent separation of a child or children from their families. The Family Unification Program (FUP) is provided to eligible families so that children will not be separated from their parents due to the lack of permanent,

Black Billionaires The Roberts Brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Black Billionaires The Roberts Brothers - Essay Example However, despite these odds and lower expectations, a few of these African Americans rise to the occasion to demonstrate such impeccable leadership skills and business value given that they make it to the list of billionaires of America. One such example of black billionaires is the Roberts Brothers who have managed to erect a chain of hotels worth billions. Studying their case to demonstrate the leadership styles can give a good sense of the true scenario prevalent in America. Also, going over the issues which these business-men had to face while conducting business can also proved futile to their style of business. Therefore, the paper will aim at exploring and understanding the business techniques and styles undertaken by these African American professional who are performing exceptionally well in their respective domains and earning billions. The African American Billionaires, contrary to popular perception, are engaged in a diverse range of businesses. In other words, African American entrepreneurs can now be found leading almost all kinds of businesses. For instance, Oprah Winfrey is one of the most renowned talk show host, producer, director amongst many other things, alongside playing an active role in politics. Similarly, Kenneth Frazier owns a pharmaceutical company while Ursula Burns is the CEO of Xerox. Similarly, many entrepreneurs like Roberts brothers are making a name in hospitality industry with various other black billionaires indulged in a multitude of businesses. Therefore, black billionaires aren’t dominating in a single field, rather their scope of engagement in context to business is expanding by the day. This implies that the number of African Americans seeking a higher educational status is increasing and thus, the business practices would now have to be shaped in such a way that African Ameri cans also get a fair share of inclusion. In other

CASE STUDY SUMMARIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CASE STUDY SUMMARIES - Essay Example To guard against this, concrete bored piles were installed at the cliff-facing side of the road. This is then tied to anchor blocks with pullout being prevented by tension piles. A developed unprotected coastline is subjected to coastal retreat and landslide instability. The combined action of cliff erosion and collapse together with the flow of groundwater from high levels to the sea is triggering landslide reactivation. Coastal protection is limited by environmental sensitivity of the site. There are two requirements for the project: to arrest recession of the cliffs and reactivation of the landslide system and to improve the stability of the coastal through an intensive drainage system. For the first requirement, a rock armor revetment was chosen. For the second problem, a deep pumped well solution using siphon and electro-pneumatic systems. The project involves a developed coastal town threatened by existing coastal defense, landslide reactivation and coastal recession. Coastal erosion by wave action, earth slippage due to rainfall & groundwater, inappropriate excavation and construction and climate change have ultimately resulted to the reactivation of landslide complexes. Due to the severe consequences if the problem was left unchecked, an extensive program of land stabilization and foreshore works was undertaken. Different strategies were used including reinforced slope buttresses, soil nails, pile grids, slope regarding, drains, seawall improvements and beach replenishment. A developed coastal town is experiencing deterioration of coastal defenses with previously installed stabilization measures such as cut-off drain have all but failed. Nevertheless, the cliff top assets are not foreseen to be affected for several years making coastal protection measures not warranted for the time being. Only monitoring and investigations of the ground and rainfall are the actions being undertaken. Aside from

Mental health and its promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental health and its promotion - Assignment Example and Patel, P., 2005. p. 13). Social class has inverse relationship with mental health that is, the lower a person’s position in the social class, the higher is the possibility of having a mental health problem.The service sector of the Western European countries sufferred from insecure employment with majority of the population being unemployed, poorly educated, below the poverty line, substance abuser, mental health patients, or criminals (Pilgrim, 2009, p. 181). Low income affects the likehood of developing a mental illness twice as those with average income. Usually, these people belong to the lowest position in the social class and sufferred greatly from high rate of emotional disturbance and limited access to treatment modalities and facilities in the field of health care.Covington (2008) delineates a number of reasons for the differences in availing mental health services among different social class postions: (1) deprivation and structural inequalities such as low incom e and discrimination among the lower social classes psychologically response to demoralization and feels distressed and hopeless; (2) single or multiple negative life events made a person at risk to develop mental illness; and (3) presence of social support protects the mental health of a person from adverse life events and social isolation and exclusion of lower classes from members of the society leads to poor mental health(p. 241). However, the inverse relationships identified between social class and mental health has a few exceptions and needs to be studied further. Role of Primary Care in Promoting Mental Health of Communities Mental health promotion is critical to nursing functions and nurses are challenged to respond to various demands of different social classes especially when it comes to primary care. Primary care represents the most important setting for mental health promotion because it is the first point of contact with the health services.Primary care services includ e self-referral, health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and personal social services (Barryand Jenkins, 2007, p. 256).However, mental health is often neglected in the delivery of primary care services because of lack of mental health orientation. Primary care workers have the responsibility of delivering quality care among localities. Due to the reasons that primary care is coommunity-based in nature, local primary care workers have the advantage of facilitating its role. Primary care also has a role of providing non-stigmatized health services with the collaboration from community groups such as schools, workplaces, local agencies, and voluntary organizations. As the primary mode of contact from health services, primary care offers referral of people with mental health illness. A research in United Kingdom identified 15% of people diagnosed with mental health problem, 30% see the primary care physician for the mental health problem, and 90% are being cared for in the primary care settings (Barryand Jenkins, 2007, p. 256). Primary care is in the first lead of the pathway to care in order to recognize early the presence of mental health problems. The primary care’s role is extended to the prevention of subsequent episodes of a mental health problem attack and to the promotion of physical and mental

Design description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Design description - Essay Example A spanner or wrench is a hand tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects such as nuts and bolts. The figures below show the designs and the explanations thereunder. In the original design shown in the above diagrams, the design is shown in figure 1 (a) and the stress distribution in figure 1 (b). Stress is concentrated around the grip edges, and at the ring end of the wrench. There is also concentration of von misses stress along the axis of the wrench. From the figure 1 (b), the red color shows regions that are heavily stressed whereas the blue color indicates regions with minimal stress. From the summary at the top left the same figure indicates the extent to which the von misses stresses are distributed within the wrench body. In the modified design, shown in the diagram above, the over stressing of the same region is eliminated. Stress is redistributed and is only excess at the collar of the wrench. In this design, stress has been managed well and is uniform almost throughout the entire figure. The contours show the von misses stress

Recruitment and Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruitment and Selection - Essay Example To be able to fully benefit from the technology, network and database systems, and media technologies that can be used for interview, high-sped connectivity to the internet is advised and technical support staff are advised (Horwitz et al, 2006). Another key issue that is being focused in e-recruitment is the issue regarding security and fraud. Among the concerns regarding security is the accesses to applicants' information particularly contact details (E-recruitment, 2006). Though e-commerce and related online regulations have already addressed these issues, there are still some fears that information is being sold to third parties or used for other purposes either with or without the consent of e-recruiters (Nickel & Schaumburg, 2004). As e-recruitment also became more popular, recruitment frauds also became prevalent. Aside for standard anti-fraud regulation, most of the efforts to curb the activities have been initiated largely by legitimate e-recruiters (Grabner-Kruter & Kaluscha, 2003). E-recruitment has encouraged the flexibility of labor and has encouraged work migration. It has also been able to improve data basing and management employee information to support other human resource functions (Sridhar, 2005). Another key improvement it has been able to bring to the industry is in the enhancement of communications with prospective employees and hiring agencies. It has allowed real time coordination and management of information that has been effective in shortening and improving efficiency of the whole hiring process (Liu and Wang, 2006). On the part of applicants, it has in turn allowed to more options and access to jobs and companies respectively. The utilization of online applications has also significantly cut the cost of applying for jobs and communicating with perspective companies (Yoon Kin Tong & Sivanand). Development E-recruitment developed in conjunction with the trend of outsourcing of support services as part of down-sizing efforts in the late 1980's. However, e-recruitment has to wait a few more years before it came into the form we know today because of the lack of necessary technological capacity to support it. The first forms of e-recruitment involved either the posting of job vacancies in traditional media or coursing of applications to online addresses or by posting of jobs on online posting boards and coursing through snail mail or offices (Grabner-Kruter & Kaluscha, 2003). The eventual popularity of e-mails, increased capacity of the internet communications and higher computing capacity are the basis of e-recruitment industry as it is known today. E-recruitment models today have to develop the "capability of HR to facilitate the system and to view the staffing process as an end-to-end process" (Kerrin & Kettley, 2006) E-commerce E-recruitment is one of the success stories of e-commerce. The first models took the form of job postings that were part packaged with traditional recruitment outsourcing services. Improvement on the internet and database capacity eventually created the next model of e-recruitment that was an independent service. This model asked for employees to become members of the service by including their information into a database wherein they could view available jobs online (New E-recruitment

Mcdonalds Swot Essay Example for Free

Mcdonalds Swot Essay -Strong brand name, image and reputation: McDonald’s is the #1 fast food restaurant by sales with more than 31,000 restaurants serving burgers and fries in almost 120 countries. -technology: McDonald’s in Brazil is currently studying the installation of internet access terminals in some outlets as well as enabling customers to order online, this will reduce the waiting time between a customer’s orders and pick up of order. -Marketing Strategies: Adults and children from all over the world know that Ronald McDonald is the face of restaurant chain. When costumers think about fast food they think about McDonald’s first. -Focus on costumers: McDonald’s restaurant has a strategy that they call â€Å"PLAN TO WIN† the five elements of this plan to win are PEOPLE, PRODUCTS, PLACE, PRICE and PROMOTION. This Plan, combined with financial discipline, has delivered strong results for company’s shareholders. -Great training Strategies: McDonald’s is very serious on training managers. They have its own program to train managers the most professionally, which is called Hamburger University (the closes one to Aurora Il. Is located in Oakbrook Il. ) As a result they have many good managers who can help company development well. WEAKNESSES -Unhealthy food image: McDonald’s has been impacted by negative press like the documentary â€Å"Supersize Me† in which they blame the restaurant of contributing to obesity in our society. -Competition: McDonald’s has to compete with many strong brand name in fast food industry such as Burger King and Wendy’s. -Legal Action: McDonald’s has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases in the course. McDonald’s force many others restaurant, company of just a coffee shop to change their brand name because of keeping MC letters. -Dissatisfied Franchisees: They are beginning to become very dissatisfied with the fees that McDonald’s are forcing them to pay for using their notorious fast-food brand. As a result many franchisees are selling their businesses. OPPORTUNITIES -Healthy Foods: McDonald’s can develop new healthier products, more salads healthier desserts and maybe a vegetarian burger. -Coupons: In this economy people are attracted to coupons (savings). Burger King and Wendy’s do this a lot. -Go Green: McDonald’s should research green energies and green packaging solutions and incorporate these findings as a part of their marketing strategies and advertisements. -Allergens: McDonald’s should provide optional allergen free food items, such as gluten free and peanut free. THREATS -Public Health: With a growing number of obesity cases among Americans, McDonald’s will continued to be overshadowed by their previous product offerings, like their supersize Meal and their slim salad selection. -Competition: There are many new fast food brand enter to the market, Also more casual dining restaurants are increasing their burger offering and decreasing the price. If costumers are not really on a hurry they may choose this kind of restaurant instead of a fast food restaurant. Some of the restaurants that are doing this are, Chili’s, TGI Friday’s and AppleBee’s. -Environmental Issues: This is one of the hottest topics all over the world. If McDonald’s keeps using HCFC-22(This is a colorless gas, commonly use as propellant and refrigerant. Is 1810 times as powerful as carbon dioxide) it may lose customers, especially those who really care about the earth. -Contamination: Any contamination of the food supply, especially E-coli. -They are a bench mark for creating â€Å"Cradle to Grave† marketing. Children grow up eating and enjoying McDonald’s and then continue to adulthood. They entice children as young as one year old in to their restaurants with special meals, toys, playgrounds and popular movie character tie-ins. They have been criticized by many parent advocate groups for their marketing practices towards children which are seen as marginally ethical.

A Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal

A Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal This paper is about typical grades of growing -up. A summary of the content of readings and discussions as we obviously cannot include everything .There are different definitions of age level (early adulthood, middle adulthood)and the adaptation to the age is different too. The problems of adaptation to the late adulthood and the concept of ageing, propositions to make life of old people more interesting and easier in the conditions of the Nurse House can help in the Health Care Assistants. Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal Changes in thinking, the person and behavior of adults depend on chronological age or from specific biological changes, than from personal, social and cultural influences or events much less. Social changes, cultural requirements of young adults can support, develop or destroy the templates of the behavior which has been put in pawn in teenage years. It is necessary to make of the decision and to overcome difficulties, proceeding from a daily life. A distinctive sign of a maturity is ability to react to changes and to adapt to new conditions. We conditionally divide years of growing-up on early adult (the second and third decades of a life), average (the fourth and fifth decade) and late adult (age of 60-65 years and above). Value of age for a separate individual can vary considerably .What prospects of classification and research of development of adults in the presence of the big number of specific features? For lack of other indexes, except any age ranges, we will address to concepts of age hours and social norms. By the end of the period of a youth (approximately by 30 years) the person worries a crisis condition, a certain crisis in the development, connected by those representations about the lives which have developed between twenty and thirty years, do not satisfy him. Analyzing the passed way, the achievements and failures, the person finds out, that at already developed and outwardly safe life its person is imperfect, that it is a lot of time and forces is spent for nothing, that he has a little made in comparison with that could make, etc. Differently, there is a revaluation of values, critical revision of the I. The person finds out, that he cannot change much in the life any more, in itself (himself): a family, a trade, ­ a habitual way of life. This crisis testifies that the person passes to a new age step a grown-up age. (Feldshtejn D.I.) According to Shaji, in the middle age the person uses the cognitive abilities to solve problems of others in a family and on work. At some these duties can become difficult enough, demanding adjustment of relations in working collective and assuming  ­ possession of the person of versatile knowledge. Such people have possibility  ­ to show the cognitive abilities, carrying out administrative functions. At later age, according to Shaji, character of solved problems varies again.  ­ The problem reintegration subjective traces of events all previous life, judgement of the life as whole and an estimation of the passed way becomes the main task ­. People of middle age should adapt to  ­ changing requirements and roles of old parents. When parents  ­ have good health and there can live independently, their relations with children are often characterized by mutual equality; it means, that parents and their adult son or the daughter render each other the concrete help. Such relations usually change, when parents fall ill or become too weak to live independently. The duty to look after parents brings not only satisfaction, but can be a stress source ­. It causes pressure in some between dependence and independence. The old conflicts connected with childrens dependence or other problems of family relations between parents and the child or between syblings can become more active again ­. Sometimes old attachments and the unions between members of a family or old rivalry again revive. Besides, care of parents serves as an omen of the future position of people of middle age which  ­ now look after the parents, but in near already the old age it should face own dependence on children. Decrease of physical strengths and appeal one of the main problems which the person in days of crisis of middle age and then faces. For those who is necessary on the physical qualities when was younger; middle age can become the period of heavy  ­ depression. Histories of the beautiful and charming women struggling with destructive action  ­ of time became banality. Act of nature of falling physical strengths of people  ­ of unexpectedly wide range of trades, including, artists and actors. University professors  ­ regretfully recollect the ability in students years to spend some days without a dream if that was demanded by an important issue. Many people simply complain that they start to get tired too often. Though well thought over program of daily exercises  ­ and a corresponding diet has the an effect, the majority of people in the middle age start to rely more and more on brains, instead of on muscles. They find new advantages in the knowledge accumulating life experi ence, get wisdom ( Bentley, E. (2007). The period of grown-up is characterized by that the basic or higher achievements of many kinds of creative, theoretical activity have these years. During this period there is a new differentiation of the separate parties of intelligence and at the same time its higher level of the general integration. So, in an interval from 34 till 37 years there comes the second peak in development of thinking of the adult person, more and more close and steady communications between figurative, verbally-logic and practical thinking (Pinjaeva S.E., Andreev N.V. Personal and professional development in a maturity//Questions in Psychol. 1998. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-2. p.7). Lets address to group investigated by us with favorable forms of mental ageing. The following age group people 70 80 years ( «the second life »). This time when there are significant such illnesses of an old age as easing and restriction of impellent activity, the sight and hearing decrease, complicating habitual forms of activity. However the share of persons with the positive relation to ageing here again in essence does not vary, despite more significant for this group the factor of physical weakness, the big depth of physical decline. The physical condition of old men substantially depends on their psychological state of health: optimistically adjusted old men shipped in the affairs feel much better, than the despaired, hypochondriac people concentrated to the misfortunes. Certainly, creative people worry ageing is easier with them there is the favourite business, the saved up experience, the got wisdom. The history knows many examples of activity of writers, poets, artists, the musicians who lived to a ripe old age and have kept clearness of mind, taste by a life, creative abilities even contrary to a physical infirmity or illnesses. Goethe, Voltaire, Swift, Michelangelo, Renoir, Monet, Verdi, Beethoven derived strength for struggle against an old age in immense enthusiasm for the business; others, less known, but also causing respect, keep from own advantage. It is possible to note and one more characteristic fact testifying in favour of adaptive value of senile concern: motivational conditionality of a condition of alarm informs emotional experiences in structure of this condition bright partiality [Bennet, PravitsJ. G., 1987; Lazarus R. S., Averill J.G., 1972]. Emotional experiences of alarm (as a whole characterized as unpleasant) are incompatible with experiences of boredom and give a sharpness to a subjective picture of the surrounding validity. Concern concerning the health that is often shown at old men in shape hypochondriatic fixings Induces development of new interests and requirements for enrichment by medical knowledge in the field of the best ways of treatment and other forms of struggle against senile illnesses. Old men receive great pleasure from stories about the illnesses and thus them does not confuse, that surrounding these stories are perceived as persuasive older persons sincerely do not notice it as the life out of a society promotes decrease at Them the behavioral control. But conversations on illnesses, infinite treatment and self-treatment is a process, it is a way, instead of the way end. It is interesting that within the limits of this strategy of adaptation concern in health of relatives extends basically on the narrowest circle of relatives on which the life and well-being of old people directly depends. Other characteristic emotional condition of older persons, according to the given strategy of adaptation, age-situational depression in the absence of complaints to this condition is. As a whole, senile depression is shown in easing of an affective tone, delay of the affective vivacity, set aside à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ affective reactions; thus the person of the old person is limited in possibilities to transfer sincere emotional movements [Shahmatov N.F., 1996; Santrock J., 1995]. Older persons inform on feeling of emptiness of a surrounding life, its vanity and uselessness. All event before their eyes seems to them insignificant and uninteresting; interesting, full of sense the life in the past is represented only, and it never will return. But these experiences are perceived by older persons as usual and do not carry painful character. They grow out of life reconsideration, carriers of new senses and have adaptable value as protect the person from aspirations, struggle and for the excite ment interfaced to them which is the extremely dangerous to old men. Interpersonal conflicts a daily element of a life of the house for aged. People get to such houses-boarding schools with the broken destiny, growing old on( E.Eriksons) unsuccessful type, suffering from the former mental traumas which have not lost urgency, as a rule. They get here many blessings, but, at the same time, are exposed to the negative socially-psychological influences which are a consequence  «hostel way of life » and the state unified maintenance. It is rigid deformation of a personal existential continuum, free will restriction, depersonalization, etc. Neurotic conditions in which depressive passivity alternates explosive affective displays become result of negative influences. As a result of the listed tendencies mentality of the old person living in the house-boarding school, it is deep neurotic, that leads to its frequent collisions with associates. Such person creates round itself the disputed environment and itself becomes its victim. He gets to a vicious circle: a neurotic condition the conflict the new neurotic condition generated by the conflict. The person from this circle cannot independently be pulled out, the qualified psychological help is necessary for it. At the age of 60 years also is more senior the most widespread kind of pathology illnesses of system of blood circulation are. Following rank places occupy illnesses of bone-muscular system and a connecting fabric, bodies of breath, digestion, nervous system and sense organs, new growths. On these six classes of illnesses it is necessary about 90 % of all diseases at persons of elderly and senile age. The number of the older persons suffering because of death of the favourite person is amazingly great: about 12 million become a widow/widower older persons live in the USA, and over 800 thousand from them have become a widow/widower less than year back. At the age of 65 years more than half of women and 10 % of men have become a widow/widower at least once. Among those to whom for 85 years, 81,3 % of women and 40,5 % of men have become a widow/widower (Gibson, H.B. (2002.) Reactions of the person to heavy loss are characterized by especial scale of feelings, thoughts and behavior in which most often tested emotions are the grief and grief. The sharp melancholy and languor concern other reactions on died, a shock, catalepsy, hallucination experiences, anger, feeling of fault, depression, problems with health, irritability and feeling of senselessness of existence is equal as feeling of simplification and hope. Naturally, not all people, worrying heavy loss, test all or the majority of the listed emotions, therefore is difficult to divide normal and pathological reactions of experience of a grief. As consider M.Marshall and M.Dikson,  «if we have no positive experience of dialogue with old people in a daily life, the risk increases to see all old people in identical light, namely in what we see them on the work. And see we them as invalids, helpless problems having many » [Marshall M., Dixon M., 1996, with. 28]. Moreover, social workers and psychologists usually contact to old people and their families when they are in a difficult, crisis vital situation. Thus, if working with older persons have experience of dialogue with them only as with the patients and clients they usually have a confidence, that advanced age is time involution and difficulties of the most different plan. And after all older persons are capable to study, develop abilities, to get new interests. Social workers should listen older persons who tell them about the life; they can feel thus their grief, despondency, disappointment. However older persons have not only bitter experience. About many events which took place in their life, they do not recollect. Events for older persons become significant only in the event that they find reflexion in their late life. The psychologists working with elderly and old people, should have base education under personal and psychological characteristics of people of late age. Starting to work with the elderly and old people, many experts receive a shock from the clients  «client shock » [Britton P.G., Woods R.T., 1999, with. 20] already in the first week of work. Roots of this shock lay in insufficient understanding of old people, underestimation of their requirements and potential. The reason of other stress which experts can receive, is covered in a lack of abilities and the competence, necessary in work with this age group. It is possible to name and other problems necessity of knowledge of religion of that cultural group of the population which they serve, sexuality of old people (the taboo on this theme until recently has been imposed), personal changes in result of mental diseases. The main danger to those who works with older persons is sensitivity loss to their individual requirements. L.Brejtspraak allocates for experts three basic managements in work with older persons: Not to allow older persons to be involved in negative image of ageing, for example, it is necessary to help for them to see and understand, that the source of their problems lays in a situation, but not in them; To demand from elderly to take responsibility for the life there where it is possible; To stimulate activity of older persons who supports sensation of integration and integrity of a life. Old people sometimes become agers in relation to the age group. Therefore the problem of our personnel is softly to resolve their own relation to the age and to the age group. As a whole work [with older persons] in the psychological plan consists in the following: Maintenance and increase of social activity and a self-estimation of the person, prompting to expansion of social contacts; Creation of optimum conditions for training of skills on self-service and social functioning taking into account age changes; Stimulation of potential mental possibilities and creative abilities; Carrying out of special exercises and training to the skills compensating age changes. Work forms can be the most different. For me co-education of older persons and children in which course they operate in common is very effective and help each other, for example, training to computer games and games of type Dandy. Overall objectives of such training is derivation of older persons from thoughts on the past, studying them to live in the present by an establishment of friendly relations with young generation, search of the general interests connecting generations, and reception of pleasure from these communications and interests. Creation of clubs and circles on interests where would enter not only elderly, but also people of all age is effective. They promote dialogue, occurrence of feeling of aesthetic satisfaction, emotional support, raise pithiness of pastime, improve state of health and bring calm. To make the conclusion of the work, Id like to say that old people like kids need our attention, understanding and love. This age is the most non-protecting part of human beings. If they feel lonely, they must be heard by us. Our Nursing Home tries to keep the high level of living place for old people. We do the best to make them feel there like at home.

Comparsen Between The Book And Movie Cujo Essay -- essays research pap

Watching the movie is so much more interesting, and it grabs your imagination by the hand. There are not that many things that are different in the movie. In fact the movie describes what?s going on a little better than the book. Basically the book seems like an out line of the whole story and the book gets into details a little more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the book it talks about Tad going to bed and how he?s a little nervous because he thinks there is a monster under his bed. His father tucks him into bed and says good night. About 10 minutes later Tad wakes up screaming his head off saying he sees a monster in his closet. The author doesn?t even describe what the ?monster? looks like. In the movie it shows wha...

Essay --

1.0 Introduction The brain is composed of billions of tiny neurons all combined to create a hierarchy of complex networks. Much is unknown about intelligence and our understanding and perception of intelligence is shaping the way in which we in the 21st century are creating computer based intelligent neural networks. An intelligent system is able to retract information from its environment and comprehend without prior knowledge of the information the process, reason about the relationships between variables contained in the information and learn about the process and its operating conditions without human input. A computational approach to network dynamics focuses on the networks ability to think logically, process data and react to changes in the data which can lead to future evolution of the network. Traditional rule based computational techniques failed to meet the requirements of search, optimisation and machine learning in large biological and industrial systems and therefore had to evolve which shaped the route in which computational intelligence had taken in the 21st century. A network is said to be computationally intelligent if it can deal with low level data analysis such as small numerical data has pattern recognition components. The main emphasis on neural networks and computationally based network systems was to come up with a learning algorithm that could be used to increase the intelligence of any given system. Fuzzy Logic was first proposed by Professor Lotfi Zadeh in1969 in the University of California Berkley. He created Fuzzy Logic to define between data by using partial set membership rather than crisp set membership or non-membership. Professor Zadeh explained that people do not need precise numerical inform... ...dimension of the prototype memories where the network stores all memories within a stable state. 3.0 Fuzzy Logic Systems: Fuzzy Neural Network 3.1 What Is Fuzzy Logic? Fuzzy Logic is a problem solving methodology that lends itself to implementation in a range of systems and can be implemented into networks. It allows an accurate outcome based on vague, ambiguous, imprecise input information. Fuzzy Logic is mainly used for control situations although it can be used over a variety of scenarios in situation based computing making it ideal for use within Neural Networks and they require a wide range of input variations. Fuzzy Logic processes user defined rules and therefore it can be readily modified to improve network performance, it can be used to model and control nonlinear data that would beforehand be impossible model mathematically. 3.2 Crisp Sets and Fuzzy Sets

Tidal Energy Alleviating Mans Demand for Energy Essay -- Water Hydro

Tidal Energy Alleviating Man’s Demand for Energy ABSTRACT The demand for energy has increased rapidly, while its supply has continued to decrease rapidly. Inventors have only worsened the energy crisis by creating â€Å"energy savers† that run on fossil fuels. Yet, the answer is quite simple and lies in the ocean’s tides that can be used as a safer and alternative for energy. France has invented a tidal barrage that now powers 240,000 homes ten hours a day. Other countries are following France’s lead by beginning the construction of their own tidal barrages. However, the world still needs a longer lasting energy source. INTRODUCTION The demand for energy has increased rapidly, while its supply has continued to decrease rapidly. Inventors have created â€Å"energy savers† such as hybrid cars only worsening the problem with its increase in pollution and incredible energy consumption. Hybrid cars run on petroleum and electricity. Meanwhile, people desperately accept it as the Earth’s fossil fuels are rapidly consumed. Yet, the answer is quite simple and lies in the ocean’s tides that can be used as a safer and alternative for energy. The ocean’s tides run through tidal barrages in which turbines rapidly spin and transform low tides into energy. This energy does not pollute the atmosphere nor does it produce any greenhouse effects. Even though tidal barrages are expensive to build and maintain, they produce a lot of safe and free energy. Of course tidal barrages appear to be the ideal solution for the world’s energy crisis. However, tidal barrages effect the environment. Birds migrate away from tidal barrages in order to find ideal living conditions. Fish are caught and killed by the Tidal Energy 2 spinning turbines.... ...oduction to Ocean Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from National Renewable Energy Laboratory Website: http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/ocean.html Economically Viable Energy from the World’s Oceans. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Eco World Website: http://www.ecoworld.rog/water/articles/articles2.cfm?TID=334 Tidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Energy Quest Website: http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter14.html Tidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Wikipedia Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power Tidal Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005 from Vision Engineer Website: http://www.visionengineer.com/env/tidal.shtml Ocean Tidal Technical FAQ. Retrieved August 1, 2005, from Poemsinc Website: http://www.poemsinc.org/FAQtidal.html, Technology. Retrieved August 2, 2005, form Marine Turbines Website: http://www.marineturbines.com/technical.htm

How can cross cultural psychology be applied to other fields beyond the field of psychology? Essay

Cross cultural psychology can be defined as the study of the mental and behavioral conception of an individual within different cultural backgrounds by describing its invariance and variability. Human psychology is made to change invariably with changing environmental conditions. This process brings about changing dimensions into effects, self conceptions, cognition and psychopathological deviations. Conceptually, this leads to change in the individuals psychological aspects such as depression, and anxiety that comes as an adaptation to the changing psychological environment. Cross cultural psychology is therefore a fundamental process which is application in various aspects beyond the scope of psychology. At one level, it can be applied in the analysis of the social phenomena of people interaction within social settings and structures. This is primarily important because the influence of human interaction is modeled by various fundamental effects held in their psychological view. Social structures that are defined by the interaction of the people and their components are an important aspect in determining the basic scope of functionality into these societies. (Jimmy, 2004, p. 46) Cross cultural psychology is important in the current process of globalization and internalization. Different spheres of globalization have intermingled cohesively with one another as dictated by cross cultural psychology of the people. As of necessity, technological diffusion across different cultural origins modeled by different strands of psychological dispensations has been an important aspect. The variables of globalization and internalization have been cohesively safeguarded by the components of cross cultural psychology which is of necessity in creating mutual obligation and understanding between different party components (Jimmy, 2004, p. 57). Some health valuations have been modeled through principles of cross cultural psychology. Virtually, treatment of various disorders based on psychological foundations has used models of cross cultural psychology in developing persuasive intervention of the problem. For example, this phenomenon has been used in dealing with stress and other psychological disorders that emanate from the diversity in cross cultural foundations (Jimmy, 2004, p. 65) Reference Jimmy Peterson (2004) The Foundations of Cross Cultural Psychology. New York, Prentice Hall, pp. 46, 57, 65

Botticelli-Saville Comparitive Art Essay

The image of the nude is timeless, fundamental and universal. It has the ability to incite intense interest, yearning and even repulsion in the viewer. We often find that images of the nude reflect upon society’s attitudes towards beauty and gender issues. These issues are strongly highlighted in Jenny Saville’s nakedly confrontational ‘Propped’, which encompasses of a heavy-handed naked woman sitting on a stool. Her artwork forces the viewer to think of the female nude as not only an object, but also as a subject. Botticelli’s ‘Birth of Venus’ also addresses the issues of beauty and gender. In the artwork, Venus appears to be emerging from the sea, standing in a shell. Symbolising female desirability, the Early Renaissance painting is in accordance to the myth of her ‘birth’ as a fully grown woman. The shape and form in Propped is clearly drastically distorted. Saville has used foreshortening as a way to emphasise the weight and size of the figures body, most noticeably the small scale of the head, which looks incredibly small in contrast to the rest of the figure. Foreshortening and tone help to create a distinctive look of the figures legs and knees. There are various patches of light tones included across the chest area and knees, and the extreme distortion makes them look vast and almost bruised. There is limited colour used in the painting, mainly very natural pigments such as white, cream and light pink. Black has been used for the stool in the centre of the image, and coffee and olive colours can be seen in the background. There is also a text that can be seen scratched into the paint in mirror writing, running across and down the figures body which reads; ‘If we continue to speak in this sameness – speak as men have spoken for centuries, we will fail each other again’. Saville has painted the artwork to make a point; to make the viewer realise that fat is a feminist issue. The angle of view in the artwork is low, and the observer is made to look up at the figure. In Birth of Venus, Botticelli has used light, soothing colours throughout all aspects of the painting, including highlights added into Venus’ hair to possibly emphasise the femininity of her body. Distinctive linear style and brushstrokes have been used to ensure detail in the tones and textures of the painting. Botticelli was known for including the linear style into his artworks, a style that was revived in the late 19th century. The composition of the painting is impartially balanced. The artist has placed the figures in the artwork off to separate sides with Venus centred as the focal point. The weight and poses of the figures either side of Venus create symmetrical balance. The figure of Venus is slightly distorted. Botticelli has exaggerated the length of the neck and slope of the shoulders to enrich Venus’ natural elegance and grace. Flowing lines and decorative patterns can be seen throughout the artwork, most noticeably in the waves and leaves on the tree towards the right of the painting. Propped has the same effect as a striking photograph; that it is purposely intended to unsettle its viewer. It is a significant artwork in today’s society as it raises contemporary concerns about expectations of beauty in the female body. Unlike Birth of Venus, Propped presents us with the vibe that the observer is not necessarily male. Feminists have praised Saville for her work and her interpretation of the female nude, noting that she has reclaimed the image of women liberating it from the diminishing male gaze. Botticelli owes his inspiration for Birth of Venus to the classical ideals of ancient Greek art. At the time of its creation, almost all art was of a Christian theme. Nude women often symbolised sinful lust, however Venus remained to appear modest, attempting to hide her breasts with her hands and crotch area with her long, blonde, flowing hair. Venus strongly represented an Italian Renaissance ideal; blonde, pale-skinned voluptuous. Ideal female body figures continue to be a topic of discussion in our society today, as it was at the time Birth of Venus was produced. Both artists have used the female nude as a way to represent issues about expectations of beauty in the female body in different ways. Botticelli has depicted Venus, the pagan goddess of love, and the forerunner of spring. He has presented her as an ideal female figure for his time, consequently making her a symbol for female desirability. Jenny Saville, on the other hand, has dramatically cropped and foreshortened the female figure in her artwork in an attempt to emphasise the body’s physical bulk, creating a less than ideal female figure for contemporary society. Propped contains a strong cultural meaning, as do many of Saville’s works. Susie McKenzie speaks of her artworks in an interview with Saville in the Guardian on October 22nd 2005, stating that â€Å"Her exaggerated nudes point up, with an agonizing frankness, the disparity between the way women are perceived and the way that they feel about their bodies. † Saville has clearly represented the female nude in a way that may confront today’s society, daring her viewers to pass judgement on the figure in her artwork. Birth of Venus challenges the culture of Botticelli’s time, as it was a mythological painting, rather than relating to a religious theme as most art of that era did. Both artworks in question are figurative paintings of female nudes. Birth of Venus exists to represent the female nude as a symbol of desirability in women, as well as an icon of beauty and pleasure. Saville’s ‘Propped’ raises questions on the appearance and role of traditional paintings of the nude, such as Birth of Venus. Both artists gained inspiration from a variety of sources, all diverse from one another. Botticelli created Birth of Venus under the influences from classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as classical sculptures he would have seen belonging to the Medici family, a client of his own. Saville spent time quenching her fascination with the body, particularly female flesh, by spending many hours watching plastic surgeons manipulate flesh. Gender issues are a strong concept in both works. A male viewing Propped will generally react negatively to the female figure in contrast to the way they might perceive Birth of Venus. Because Birth of Venus is such a strong symbol of female desirability, a male viewer will usually prefer looking at Venus rather than the heavy-handed nude figure in Propped. Women will more commonly be able to relate to the figure in Propped than Birth of Venus as it centres on issues of expectations of beauty and the way a female may feel about her body, whereas some women could be intimidated by the ambiance of Venus. Both Propped and Birth of Venus are of immense scale. Birth of Venus was painted to fit an architectural setting. At the time of its production, Botticelli intended for the observers of his artwork to view the subject matter, Venus, as an earthly goddess who stimulated humans to physical love, or as a heavenly goddess who enthused intellectual love in them. The interpretation of today’s society will differ, due to the lack of knowledge of mythological and ancient Greek themes. It has been suggested that viewers of our time will look at the painting and feel their minds simply lifted to the realm of divine love. Saville’s work has been made to be presented in galleries and exhibitions. The scale of her work (213. x 183cm) is used to overwhelm the viewer, and demands an uncomfortable degree of intimacy between the gaze of the nude figure and the observer. Her purpose of creating the artwork was to raise questions about the expectations of beauty in today’s society. We are under the impression that the viewer of this type of artwork is generally female, and Saville wants her female observers to pass judgement of the figures enormous shape and size. Propped challenges the ideal view of women, as it depicts a hefty female nude figure rather than a slim one, which is usually preferred in current society. Birth of Venus, however, provokes themes of beauty and lust, ideal to men and perhaps most other viewers. It is important to keep in mind that both artworks have been painted by different genders. Saville raises concerns about the representation of the female nude, which could be connected to the fact that she relates to the figure as a woman, and possibly faces the pressures of the anticipation and desire for beauty in her own life. Botticelli represents both beauty and pleasure in the symbolical Birth of Venus. It is an important painting not only for the Renaissance, but for our society also. This may be because Venus characterized the idealistic figure of a woman, an issue that is consistently apparent in everyday life for not only women, but also men. Women may feel intimidated or disconcerted when viewing Venus as they could feel personally uncomfortable with their own figure. Its main intention is to bring pleasure to the male eye. In brief, both artworks continue to play a significant role in society today because of these intentions, gender issues and representation of the female nude.

Process Proposal Essay

The process that is being analyzed is the payroll process at a firm. The process can be viewed as a series of steps done on a daily basis and then at month end when salaries are to be distributed. Their process flow along with diagrams is given below. Daily: The work of the system starts as soon as an employee enters and checks in for the days work. Every employee owns a magnetic swipe card which is given to him/her upon employment at dollar. The swipe card machine notes and stores the time of entry and exit for every employee along with other necessary information such as employee number, name etc. at the day end, this data is imported to the current system database (running on FoxPro) using a third party software. Issues such as total time worked per day (depending on employee type), overtime, absences and leaves are resolved then and there. Every employee, in case of over time put in, is handed a sheet at the day end called the ‘Overtime Sheet’. Records of it are maintained by respective supervisors as well as the current system. Monthly: At month end, the data that has been accumulated over the whole period along with the overtime sheets that every employee submits is used to calculate total salaries of the employees and then paid to them in the form of payslips. All deductions and additions regarding overtimes, absences, leaves etc. are resolved and then sent to the supervisors for verification. Upon verification, deductions regarding gratuities and additions such as benefits, allowances etc. are verified from the HR system records and then forwarded to the account system for tax deductions. The final process is then to transfer funds to each employee’s personal account and distribute payslips to each one of them. The transfer is carried out by the accounts department in co-ordination with the HR system and the payslips are distributed via supervisors. A diagram that illustrates this process is given below: As it can be seen, the process has various repetitive steps that can easily be eliminated if a computerized system is used. Especially the processes at month end, these can be shortened a lot if redesigned and enabled with IT.

Friedman Family Assessment

Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment A nursing assessment of a family is the basis of nursing interventions. Stanhope And Lancaster (2008) state, â€Å"By using a systemic process, family problem areas are Identified and family strengths are emphasized as the building blocks for interventions, and to facilitate family resiliency. (p. 567). This assessment will describe a family that finds themselves alone, after the death of their wife and mother, six months ago. For ML his wife, for CL his mother.This small family of two graciously agreed to be a part of my assessment, they were interviewed together and separately, multiple times. â€Å"Family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. † (Stanhope & Lancaster, (2008) p. 554). Family Assessment Mode/Identifying Data This family is a small family of two. ML is the father, and CL is the son. They live in a three bedroom home, owned by ML IN Valrico, Florida. ML is a 46-year-old male, and CL is a 16-year-old male. ML and CL lost their wife and mother six months ago to breast cancer.They have both struggled ever since. ML is a welder and has worked for the same company for the past 20 years. After the death of his wife, he sold their home of twelve years and moved to Valrico, to â€Å"start over†. ML works from 7am to 7pm Monday through Friday. ML works hard and provides nicely for his son. He is gone most of the day, and into the evening. ML works as much over-time as possible. He stated â€Å"as long as I am working, I do not have to be home alone with my son, not because I do not love him, but because we both know what is missing†.ML drinks beer on the weekends, he admits it is getting heavier since his wife has passed away. Most evenings he does not cook at home, instead he brings home fast food or they eat frozen foods for dinner. Three months ago ML was diagnosed with Hypertension, Non-Insulin-Diabet es-Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, Anxiety and Depression. He has started treatment just recently for Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia all with Po meds and diet. He stated, â€Å"I do not need medications for the depression, my wife just died, who wouldn’t be depressed nd anxious†. CL is a 15-year-old boy, an only child, and lives with his father. CL has had a difficult time since his mother has died. ML and CL have no other family that lives close to them. Both of his grandparents live in New York, and are much older. CL states â€Å"Dad is doing the best he can, I worry about him, and he just does not know what to do. He is sad all of the time, and I just try and stay away from him† CL is home alone a lot of the time, before and after school. His grades have suffered, he feels sad and depressed most of the time.He has few friends since moving to this new home, and he isolates in front of the television or his Xbox. His diet is less than optimal, living on f rozen and fast foods daily, other than the meals he gets at school, breakfast and lunch. CL has stated that â€Å"he is scared and lonely† he has stated â€Å"Dad and I do not talk, we both are too sad†. I believe that both ML and CL are afraid of their feelings, afraid of what will happen if they start to talk, and they may not know how to communicate with each other, especially about their feelings regarding the death of their wife and mother.Both ML and CL have agreed to be my family for this assessment, they both admitted they needed help and that they are aware they need the help. Better than that, they both want the help. Developmental Stage According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) Duvall’s Developmental stages of the families â€Å"are based on the age of the eldest child† (p. 560). This family would fit into stage five. â€Å"Families with teenagers, oldest child 13-20 years old. Teenagers balance freedom with responsibility, establishing paren t interests and careers.Adolescents Parents focus on midlife marital and career issues, shift toward concern for older generation. Environmental Data This family lives in a three bedroom home, owned by ML, with 2 bathrooms, a family room and dining room. The house is clean, all appliances in good working order, I see no safety hazards, waste and garbage disposal is adequate. They have a nice back yard with a built in pool and patio, but it looks as though it has not been used. The family has just moved into this home, has lived there now for 3 months.It looks like a house, not a home. They live in a modest neighborhood, nice area of Valrico, with good schools, and a strong community. The family does not know any neighbors nor have they tried to get to know their neighbors. They have no idea of community resources; basically, they go to work and school, and stay home the rest of the time. Complete social isolation. Family Structure There is a strong need for these two family members to communicate with each other about their feelings of grief; they need to support each other and to stop isolating.They do not spend any time together, and when they are both home, they are in separate rooms. ML is very emotional when speaking about his wife and son, he feels he has failed his son, but does not know how to talk to him. CL is completely lost, not only is he dealing with the death of his mother, but he feels he has lost his father as well, along with the normal feelings of being a teenage boy. According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å"The two primary functions of families in the twenty first century are relationships and health care functions† (p. 555).This family is having difficulty with communicating, and sharing. They have lost a great deal and are not coping effectively Family Stress and Coping Currently the largest family stressor is anticipatory grieving on both family members. This leads to multiple stressors and ineffective coping mechanisms. T he strength and glue that held this family together is gone. ML has turned to alcohol to deal with his stress, and CL has isolated deeper. This beautiful family is in a downward spiral. Coping mechanisms need to be addressed, along with interventions to help this family. Family FunctionML believes all he can do right now is to provide for CL in monetary actions, house him, feed him, clothe him, and make sure he goes to school. He wants to be and do more, he is just unsure how at this time, he feels by providing financial survival, that is all he can do right now. This family is not functioning, there will be more dysfunction if this family cannot get the help that is needed, their issues are not chronic nor are they terminal. They need time and loving intervention, by friends, resources in their community, and by each other. Priority Family Nursing Diagnosis 1)The first nursing diagnosis for this family is; Ineffective, Individual Coping related to inadequate opportunity and time to prepare for the stressors of losing a loved one, and situational crisis as evidenced by using ineffective coping strategies, having physical symptoms of stress, and manifestations of negative behaviors to decrease stress. Family interventions will be to;* use effective coping strategies,* use behaviors toward self and others, *report decrease in physical symptoms of stress, *report increase in psychological and spiritual comfort,*seek help from a health care professional as appropriate.Within four months after seeking professional help. (2) The second nursing diagnoses for this family is; Anticipatory Grieving related to the death of a significant family member as evidenced by lack of communicating and discussing their feelings, ineffective feelings of expression with feelings of guilt, fear, anger, and sadness, anxiety, changes in appetite, decrease energy and isolation, for both family members.Family interventions will be to *Express appropriate feelings of guilt, fear, anger and sadness, with each other and self*Identify somatic distress associated with grief (anxiety, changes in appetite, insomnia, nightmares, decreased energy, and altered activity levels. Within four months of seeking professional treatment for both ML & CL. 3) The third nursing diagnosis for this family is; Altered Parenting related to deficient knowledge about parenting skills, poor communication skills, depression, and sadness, and changes in family unit as evidenced by inappropriate measures to maintain a safe, nurturing environment for the child, lack of attentive, supportive parenting behavior, and lack of child supervision. Interventions for this family would be*teach appropriate measures to develop a better, safer and nurturing home environment*acquire and display attentive, supportive parenting skills with positive adult behavior and positive and loving adult supervision.Conclusion This paper was developed to provide a family assessment and prioritized nursing diagnosis. Wit h the three main nursing diagnoses, nursing and family interventions were put in place. By using the Friedman Family Assessment, family challenges are recognized and the family strengths are highlighted as the ground work for interventions and foster family resilience. The assessment explored the family’s developmental stage, structure, composition and stressors. With this data, a nurse is able to prioritize family nursing diagnosis and analyze appropriate nursing interventions to assist with the progression of each diagnosis.According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å" Healthy and vital families are essential to the world’s future because all family members are affected by what their families have invested in them or failed to provide for their growth and well being. (p. 550).References Stanhope, M. , & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Mosby. . Turnitin Or iginality Report Processed on 17-Apr-2012 1:12 AM CDT ID: 242763557 Word Count: 1647 Similarity Index 5% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 5% Publications: 0% Student Papers: N/A Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment A nursing assessment of a family is the basis of nursing interventions. Stanhope And Lancaster (2008) state, â€Å"By using a systemic process, family problem areas are Identified and family strengths are emphasized as the building blocks for interventions, and to facilitate family resiliency. (p. 567). This assessment will describe a family that finds themselves alone, after the death of their wife and mother, six months ago. For ML his wife, for CL his mother.This small family of two graciously agreed to be a part of my assessment, they were interviewed together and separately, multiple times. â€Å"Family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. † (Stanhope & Lancaster, (2008) p. 554). Family Assessment Mode/Identifying Data This family is a small family of two. ML is the father, and CL is the son. They live in a three bedroom home, owned by ML IN Valrico, Florida. ML is a 46-year-old male, and CL is a 16-year-old male. ML and CL lost their wife and mother six months ago to breast cancer.They have both struggled ever since. ML is a welder and has worked for the same company for the past 20 years. After the death of his wife, he sold their home of twelve years and moved to Valrico, to â€Å"start over†. ML works from 7am to 7pm Monday through Friday. ML works hard and provides nicely for his son. He is gone most of the day, and into the evening. ML works as much over-time as possible. He stated â€Å"as long as I am working, I do not have to be home alone with my son, not because I do not love him, but because we both know what is missing†.ML drinks beer on the weekends, he admits it is getting heavier since his wife has passed away. Most evenings he does not cook at home, instead he brings home fast food or they eat frozen foods for dinner. Three months ago ML was diagnosed with Hypertension, Non-Insulin-Diabet es-Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, Anxiety and Depression. He has started treatment just recently for Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia all with Po meds and diet. He stated, â€Å"I do not need medications for the depression, my wife just died, who wouldn’t be depressed nd anxious†. CL is a 15-year-old boy, an only child, and lives with his father. CL has had a difficult time since his mother has died. ML and CL have no other family that lives close to them. Both of his grandparents live in New York, and are much older. CL states â€Å"Dad is doing the best he can, I worry about him, and he just does not know what to do. He is sad all of the time, and I just try and stay away from him† CL is home alone a lot of the time, before and after school. His grades have suffered, he feels sad and depressed most of the time.He has few friends since moving to this new home, and he isolates in front of the television or his Xbox. His diet is less than optimal, living on f rozen and fast foods daily, other than the meals he gets at school, breakfast and lunch. CL has stated that â€Å"he is scared and lonely† he has stated â€Å"Dad and I do not talk, we both are too sad†. I believe that both ML and CL are afraid of their feelings, afraid of what will happen if they start to talk, and they may not know how to communicate with each other, especially about their feelings regarding the death of their wife and mother.Both ML and CL have agreed to be my family for this assessment, they both admitted they needed help and that they are aware they need the help. Better than that, they both want the help. Developmental Stage According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) Duvall’s Developmental stages of the families â€Å"are based on the age of the eldest child† (p. 560). This family would fit into stage five. â€Å"Families with teenagers, oldest child 13-20 years old. Teenagers balance freedom with responsibility, establishing paren t interests and careers.Adolescents Parents focus on midlife marital and career issues, shift toward concern for older generation. Environmental Data This family lives in a three bedroom home, owned by ML, with 2 bathrooms, a family room and dining room. The house is clean, all appliances in good working order, I see no safety hazards, waste and garbage disposal is adequate. They have a nice back yard with a built in pool and patio, but it looks as though it has not been used. The family has just moved into this home, has lived there now for 3 months.It looks like a house, not a home. They live in a modest neighborhood, nice area of Valrico, with good schools, and a strong community. The family does not know any neighbors nor have they tried to get to know their neighbors. They have no idea of community resources; basically, they go to work and school, and stay home the rest of the time. Complete social isolation. Family Structure There is a strong need for these two family members to communicate with each other about their feelings of grief; they need to support each other and to stop isolating.They do not spend any time together, and when they are both home, they are in separate rooms. ML is very emotional when speaking about his wife and son, he feels he has failed his son, but does not know how to talk to him. CL is completely lost, not only is he dealing with the death of his mother, but he feels he has lost his father as well, along with the normal feelings of being a teenage boy. According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å"The two primary functions of families in the twenty first century are relationships and health care functions† (p. 555).This family is having difficulty with communicating, and sharing. They have lost a great deal and are not coping effectively Family Stress and Coping Currently the largest family stressor is anticipatory grieving on both family members. This leads to multiple stressors and ineffective coping mechanisms. T he strength and glue that held this family together is gone. ML has turned to alcohol to deal with his stress, and CL has isolated deeper. This beautiful family is in a downward spiral. Coping mechanisms need to be addressed, along with interventions to help this family. Family FunctionML believes all he can do right now is to provide for CL in monetary actions, house him, feed him, clothe him, and make sure he goes to school. He wants to be and do more, he is just unsure how at this time, he feels by providing financial survival, that is all he can do right now. This family is not functioning, there will be more dysfunction if this family cannot get the help that is needed, their issues are not chronic nor are they terminal. They need time and loving intervention, by friends, resources in their community, and by each other. Priority Family Nursing Diagnosis 1)The first nursing diagnosis for this family is; Ineffective, Individual Coping related to inadequate opportunity and time to prepare for the stressors of losing a loved one, and situational crisis as evidenced by using ineffective coping strategies, having physical symptoms of stress, and manifestations of negative behaviors to decrease stress. Family interventions will be to;* use effective coping strategies,* use behaviors toward self and others, *report decrease in physical symptoms of stress, *report increase in psychological and spiritual comfort,*seek help from a health care professional as appropriate.Within four months after seeking professional help. (2) The second nursing diagnoses for this family is; Anticipatory Grieving related to the death of a significant family member as evidenced by lack of communicating and discussing their feelings, ineffective feelings of expression with feelings of guilt, fear, anger, and sadness, anxiety, changes in appetite, decrease energy and isolation, for both family members.Family interventions will be to *Express appropriate feelings of guilt, fear, anger and sadness, with each other and self*Identify somatic distress associated with grief (anxiety, changes in appetite, insomnia, nightmares, decreased energy, and altered activity levels. Within four months of seeking professional treatment for both ML & CL. 3) The third nursing diagnosis for this family is; Altered Parenting related to deficient knowledge about parenting skills, poor communication skills, depression, and sadness, and changes in family unit as evidenced by inappropriate measures to maintain a safe, nurturing environment for the child, lack of attentive, supportive parenting behavior, and lack of child supervision. Interventions for this family would be*teach appropriate measures to develop a better, safer and nurturing home environment*acquire and display attentive, supportive parenting skills with positive adult behavior and positive and loving adult supervision.Conclusion This paper was developed to provide a family assessment and prioritized nursing diagnosis. Wit h the three main nursing diagnoses, nursing and family interventions were put in place. By using the Friedman Family Assessment, family challenges are recognized and the family strengths are highlighted as the ground work for interventions and foster family resilience. The assessment explored the family’s developmental stage, structure, composition and stressors. With this data, a nurse is able to prioritize family nursing diagnosis and analyze appropriate nursing interventions to assist with the progression of each diagnosis.According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å" Healthy and vital families are essential to the world’s future because all family members are affected by what their families have invested in them or failed to provide for their growth and well being. (p. 550).References Stanhope, M. , & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Mosby. . Turnitin Or iginality Report Processed on 17-Apr-2012 1:12 AM CDT ID: 242763557 Word Count: 1647 Similarity Index 5% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 5% Publications: 0% Student Papers: N/A

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